| - 게시물제목 : ???? ??? ??? ??? ?? ?? |
27,592 - 조회 |
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- 작성자이름 : puppet
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2008/04/22 - 등록 |
????? : ???? ??? ??? ??? ?? ?? 1,024 - ??
- ????? : ??? ?? 2005/05/27 - ??
???? ??? ??? ??? ?? ??
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?????? ??????, ???? ??? ?? ??
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1.??? ?? ? ??
??? ?? ???? ??, ????, ??, ????, ??, ?, ??, ?? ? ?? ?? ????? ? ??? ??? ?? ? ?? ??? ?? ??. ?? ???? ??? ?? ??? ????? ???? ??. ? ?? ????(Irwin,1983;Irwin ? Shapiro,1975), ????(Woltmamn;1972), ??? ????(Irwin ? Malloy,1975)? ?????, ?? ??? ??(Bunting,1985), ??????(Myers,1971), ????? ???? ??(Merritt,1985), ?? ? ??????(Caputo,1993), ??? ??????(Linn,1977)? ?? ????? ????? ???? ?????. ?? Woltman(1972)? ???? ?? ? ?? ?????? ???(marionette) ? ???(hand puppet)? ???? ???? ???? ??? ?????.
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???? ??? ??? ??? ?? ??
? ? ? ??
?????? ??????, ???? ??? ?? ??
?.??
1.??? ?? ? ??
??? ?? ???? ??, ????, ??, ????, ??, ?, ??, ?? ? ?? ?? ????? ? ??? ??? ?? ? ?? ??? ?? ??. ?? ???? ??? ?? ??? ????? ???? ??. ? ?? ????(Irwin,1983;Irwin ? Shapiro,1975), ????(Woltmamn;1972), ??? ????(Irwin ? Malloy,1975)? ?????, ?? ??? ??(Bunting,1985), ??????(Myers,1971), ????? ???? ??(Merritt,1985), ?? ? ??????(Caputo,1993), ??? ??????(Linn,1977)? ?? ????? ????? ???? ?????. ?? Woltman(1972)? ???? ?? ? ?? ?????? ???(marionette) ? ???(hand puppet)? ???? ???? ???? ??? ?????.
?????? ???? ??? ??? ??? ???? 18??? ???? ?????. ?? ????? 20??? ??? ? ??? ??? ??? ???? ?????.
???(Puppetry)?? ????? ? ???? ??? ??? ?? ??(Puppet)? ???? ???? ?????. ?????? ??? ?? ??? ????? ??? ????? ?? ??? ?? ?????? ?? ? ?? ?? ??? ????? ??? ??? ??? ? ? ??. ?? ???? ??? ???? ??? ?? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ?? ?? ???? ?? ?? ??? ???? ??? ??? ??? ? ?? ??.
??? ?? ?? ???? ??? ?? ???? ????? ?? ????? ???? ??? ??. ??? ??? ??? Woltman(1940)? ?? ? ?? ??? ??? ????? ????? ??????? ?? ??? ????? ?????. ?? ??? ???? ??, ??? ???? ??? ??, ???? ????? ??? ?? ??? ??? ???? ???. Haworth(1968)? ???? ????? ??? ?? ?????? ????? ???? ??? ? ? ?? ????? ?? ???? ??? ??? ??????? ????? ???. ??? ??? ???(puppets or dolls)? ?????? ??, ?????? ??? ??? ????, ??? ??? ???? ????? ??? ??? ??? ? ??.
?? ??? ??? ??????????? ????? ?????. ???? ?? ??? ??? ????? ??? ?? ???? ????? ?? ??? ??????(Caputo,1993;???,???,1992;Bunting,1985;Vilder,1972). Kundsen(1984)? ???? ???? ??? ???? ???? ????? ??? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ?, ?????? ??? ???? ?? 91?? ??? ?????. ???? ??? ??? ????? ????? ????? ???? ??? ???? ? ? ??? ??? ??? ???? ?? ???? ???? ? ??? ?????.
??? ?? ????? ??? ? ? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ????? ????. ????? ????, ???? ???, ??? ????, ???, ????, ???? ? ??? ?? ????? ????(???,1995;???,1993;Webb,1991;Koening & Peyton,1977;Pope,1972).
????? ?? ??? ?? ??? ???? ??? ??? ?? ??? ???? ?? ????. ??? ?? ????? ??? ????? ????? ???? ?? ???? ??? ??? ?? ????. ??, ???? ??? ?? ??? ???? ??? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ????? ??? ??? ? ?? ?? ?????(???,1995).
??? ????? ????? ??? ??? ??? ???? ?? ??? ??? ?? ???? ??? ??? ?????? ????? ??. ???? ?????? ????? ??? ??? ???, ???? ???? ??? ??? ?? 4?? ?? ??? ??? ????? ??. ?, ??? ???? ???, ??? ???? ?? ???? ???, ????? ??? ???? ???, ?? ??? ???? ???? ??? ??? ? ???? ??? ??? ???? ??? ???? ????.
?. ??? ???? ???
1.???? ??????
???? ????? ????? ??? ??? ???? ??? ??? ? ??. ??? ??? ???? ??? ???? ??? ?? ?????. ???? ??? ??? ?? ???? ????? ???? ??? ??? ?? ????? ???(Smith,1979).
?? ???? ????? ????? ??? ??? ????? ??? ? ?? ???. ??? ??? ??? ?? ??? ??? ???? ?????(Puppeteer)? ???? ??? ?? ?? ?? ???? ??? ??. ?,????? ???? ? ??? ??? ???? ? ??. ??? ??? ?? ??? ???? ???? ????? ????, ?�??? ??? ???? ????? ??? ? ??? ??.
??? ??? ??? ?? ??? ?? ?? ???????? ?? ?????. ??, ??, ??, ???? ?? ?? ???? ???? ?? ??? ??? ??? ??. ??? ????? ???? ??? ????? ??? ??? ??? ??? ???. ??? ???? ??? ??? ??? ?? ? ???? ??? ??? ?? ????? ???? ??? ? ??(Irwin,1985;Pope,1974;Vidler,1972).
???? ??? ??? ???? ?? ??? ??? ? ??? ??? ???? ??? ??? ??? ??? ?? ? ? ??? ??? ??? ??? ???? ????. ??? ??? ?? ??? ?? ???? ??? ???(puppeteer)??, ?? ?? ??? ??? ?? ?? ????? ????? ???(facilitator)?? ??? ??. ??? ???? ??? ?? ??? ??? ?????? ??? ????? ? ? ??. ??? ??? ???? ??? ????? ???? ??? ??? ?? ??? ?????? ????(???,1993;Smith,1979).
???? ???? ???? ?? ???? ??? ????? ?? ??? ??? ?? ?? ??? ?? ????? ????? ??? ??? ?? ??. ??? ???? ??? ??? ? ? ?? ??? ???? ??? ?? ??? ??? ??????? ???? ?? ? ??.
??? ???? ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? ???? ???? ??? ???? ? ??? ???? ??? ?? ??? ????(???,???,1992;Smith,1979). ??? ??? ???? ??? ?? ??? ??? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ???(sensitivity to interpersonal problems)? ?? ? ??. ??? ??? ??? ??? ???? ??? ???? ??? ? ?? ??? ???? ??? ?? ??? ?????(altenative solution thinking skills)? ???? ? ??. ?? ???? ??? ???? ?? ??? ??? ??? ? ?? ??????(consequential solution thinking skills)? ?? ? ?? ? ??? ?? ??? ???? ? ?? ??? ??(causal thinking)? ???? ?? ??? ? ??(Smith,1979).
2.???? ????
?? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ??? ????? ?? ??? ??????(Russell,1993;Anderson,1992;Zucker,1988;Powell,1985;Cadez,1979), ????? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ???? ??? ????? ????? ????? ????????. ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ?? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ??? ??? ?????? ????. ??? ????? ????? ???? ?? ?? ?? ??? ???? ????? ???? ??? ????? ??, ???, ??, ???? ??? ?? ???(Zucker,1988;Powell,1985).
???? ???? ????? ???? ?? ????? ???? ??? ????? ??? ????? ??? ??? ?? ??????? ?? ????. ??? ???? ?????? ????? ??? ????? ??? ??? ??????? ????? ????, ????, ???? ??? ?? ??? ?? ???? ???(Anderson,1992;Powell,1985;Anderson ey al.,1993).
?????? Quincy Public School Program? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ?????(Anderson et al.,1983). Quincy Program? 6? ?? ????? 6?? ?? ??? ????? ????, ????, ????, ????, ?? ?? ??? ???? ?????. Quincy Program? ???? ???? ??, ???? ??, ??�???? ??, ????(staff specialists)? ???? ?? ? ? ??.
6?? ?? ?? ??? ??? ???? ??? "the kids on the Block"? ?????? ?? ??? ??? ??? ??? ???? ?????. ?? ???? ???? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??. ???? ??? ??? ???? ??? ??? ??? ?? ??? ??. ??? ???? ?? ??, ???? ?? ????(Attitudes Toward Handicapped Individuals scale)?? 119?? 4,5?? ???? ??? ?? ???? ??? ???? ?????(Anderson et al.,1983).
Powell(1985)? ???????? ?? ???? ???? ??? ??? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ?????. 3,4,5?? ???? ???? ????? ?? ??, ??, ??, ??, ??? ??? ??, 3?? ???? ??????? ?? ??? ??? ?? ???? ???? ??? ???, 4?? ???? ?? ???? ??? ????, 5?? ???? ??????? ?? ??? ??? ?? ???? ??? ???.
Cadez(1979)? 4,5? ???? ????? ?? ??? ?? ?? ??? ??? ?? ???? ??? ?????. "the kids on the Block"?? ? ?? ??? ???? ????? ?? ??? ??? ???? ? ??? ?? ????? ???? ?? ???? ????. ?, ????? ???? ?? ?? ??? ???? ????? ????. ??? ??? ??? ??? 10?? ??? ???? ??? ??-?? ??? ?? ?????. ??? 4,5? ???? ??? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ???? ??? ?? ???? ??????? ?????.
Brown(1988)? ???? ??? ??? ????? ????? ??????? ????? ?? ????? ?? ????? ?????. ? ????? ???? ?? ????, ??? ??? ???, ????? ???, ??? ? ??? ???, ?? ??? ??, ?? ??? ???, ?? ??? ????, ??? ??, ??, ????? ????? ??? ?? ??? ??? 10?? ??? ??? ???? ?? 24??? ???? ???? ??? ??? 12? ?? ? 2?? ?????. ?? ??? ???? ??? ?? ???? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ??????. ????, ???? ?? ??? ??? 10??? ??? ????? ????? ?????, ???? ??? ??? ?????? ?????.
??? ?? ??? ??? ???? ?? ????? ??? ??? ?? ???? ????(Russell,1993;Zucker,1988).
?. ??? ???? ?????? ???
???? ??? ??????? ??? ????? ???? ????? ???? ?? ??. ???? ??, ????, ???, ??????, ??? ????? ??? ??? ?????(Brown,1988;Reich,1968;Fitzsimmons,1960).
???? ????? ??? ???? ???? ???? ????(Pope,1974). ???? ????? ????? ? ???? ??? ?? ???. ??? ??? ??? ?? ??? ??? ?? ??? ??? ??? ?? ???? ??? ???? ????? ?? ??. ??, ??? ? ?? ??? ?? ?? ??? ???? ?? ?? ??? ?? ??? ???? ??? ?? ? ?? ????? ????? ?? ???? ????(Webb,1991;Siegel,1969).
Reich(1968)? ????(stuffed cloth puppets)? ???? ???????? ???? ?????. ???? ???? ???? ??? ??? ?? ???, ??, ??? ????? ??? ????? ???. ?? ??? ???? ?? ????? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ???? ?????? ?????.
Fitzsimmons(1967)? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ??? ?? ???? ??, ?? ??, ??? ?????? ???? ??? ???? ???. ?? ???? ?? ??? ?? ???? ???? ?? ????? ?? ???? ? ?? ??? ??? ??? ??? ?????.
?????? ??(Kundsen,1984;Linn,1977;Woltman,1972)?? ??? ??? ??? ???(ventriloquism)? ??? ?????? ??. ? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ???? ??? ??? ?? ???? ? ???, ??? ?????? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ??? ? ??? ??????, ???? ???? ????? ????. ?????? ??? ?? ??? ??? ?? ? ??? ??????? ??? ?? ??? ?? ??? ??????? ??? ???. ? ? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ?????? ??? ???, ??? ??? ?? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ?? ? ???. ? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ?????, ????? ?? ??? ??? ?? ? ??, ????(?,???, ??)? ??? ??? ????, ?? ?? ?? ??? ???????? ?? ??? ??? ??? ? ???? ??(Bow,1993;Brown,1988;Bunting,1985).
????? ??? ?? ??? ??? ????(empathy)?? ??? ?? ????? ???? ?? ??? ???? ??? ? ?? ??? ?? ????? ??? ?? ??????? ??? ? ??(???,1993)
?? ?? ???? ??? ?? ???? ??? ? ?? ?? ???? ??? ????? ???? ??? ????? ???? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ??. ??????? ???? ?? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ?? ??? ???? ??? ????? ?? ????.
?.????? ??? ???? ???
??? ??? ????? ?? ????????? ????? ??? ????? ?????. ?? ????? ???? ?? ??? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ? ??????? ?????(Linn,1977;Irwin ? Shapiro,1975;Schuman,1973;Vilder,1972).
??? ??? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ? ?? ?? ??? ??? ???? ??. ??? ?? ??? ??? ??? ?? ????? ??? ?? ??? ??? ??? ??? ? ??.
???? ??? ????(rapport)? ??? ?? ??? ??? ??? ??? ????. ???? ??? ???? ??? ????, ??? ??, ???? ??? ???, ??? ??? ??? ?? ??? ???? ?????.
1.????(Projective Techniques)??? ???
????? ?? ?? ?? ????? ???? ?? ??? ????? ???? ??, ???, ????, ??? ??? ?? ??? ????. ????? ??? ??? ?? ??? ?? ?? ???? ?? ???? ???, ??? ????? ??? ?? ?? ? ? ??? ???? ???? ??? ?? ??? ? ??.
????? ??????? ???? ??? ???? ??? ??? ?????? ???? ??? ????? ???? ??? ?? ?????? ? ? ???? ??? ? ???? ?? ? ? ??(Woltman,1972). ??? ?? ???? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ????, ????, ?????, ???? ??? ??? ?? ?????. ??? ??? ? ?? ??? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ??? ????? ????(Webb,1991;Schuman,1973).
Woltman(1972)? ?? ??? ???? ?? ?? ??? ??(make-believe affair)?? ??? ???? ??? ??? ? ??? ? ??? ???. ?? ??? ??? ?? ??? ? ??. ???? ??? ?? ????? ??? ? ? ? ??? ??? ?? ??? ??? ???? ? ? ?? ????.
?????? ???? ??? ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? ??. ??? ???? ??? ?? ??? ??? ??? ???? ???? ??? ? ?? ??. Woltman(1960)? ??, ?? ?? ?? ???? ?? ??, ???? ???? ?? ??, ????? ???? ?? ?? ?? ??, ?? ??? ?????.
???? ??? ??? ?? ??? ??????? ???? ?? ??. ?? ??? "??? ??????? ????"?? ???? ??, ?? ???? ???? ???? ?? ??? ??. ????? ?? ??? ?? ???? ?? ?? ???? ??? ?? ?? ??? ? ? ??. ??? ???? ??????? ??? ?? ??. ???? ??? ??? ?? ?????? ??? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ?? ??? ???? ??? ? ??.
? ??? ??? ??? ???? ???? ??? ?? ??? ??? ? ? ??? ? ??. ??? ??? ??? ????? ??? ???? ??. ??? ?? ??? ???? ??? ?? ?? ??? ?? ??(.
2.???? ?????? ???
???? ??????? ??? ??? ??? ??? ???? ??? ????? ???? ?? ??? ???? ???. ????? ????? ??? ??????? ??? ??? ??? ????? ????. ??? ??? ???? ??? ?? ?? ???? ???? ????? ??? ???? ????? ???? ??. ?? Stanford-Binet ????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ????? ??? ??? ????? 2,3? ???? ???? ?????. ?? ??? ??? ???? ???? ??? ? ????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ??,???? ??? ???? ??? ??? ????? ???
??? ????? ??? ?? ???? ??? ??? ??? ??(???,1995;1996). ????? ????? ???? ???? ?? ????? ???? ???? ??? ??. ????? ????? ?? ??? ??? ??? ????? ???? ????? ????? ????? ?? ??? ??? ?????(Irwin,1983). ?? ????? ?? ???? ??? ??? ?? ?????, ????, ????? ???? ??? ??? ??? ????(replication)? ?????. ??? ???(doll play)? ??? ???? ????? ????? ???? ?? ?? ?? ???? ?????(Jeffree ? McCowkey,1976).
??? ??? ??? ???? ?? ??? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ??? ??? ????? ???? ????. ???? ???? ??? ???(latency-aged children) ?, ?? ????? ???? ?? ??? ????? 6??12?? ???? ??? ???? ??? ????? ???? ??? ?? ????? ??? ? ? ?? ??? ??? ??.
3.????? ???(Family Puppet Interviews)
??? ??? ? ??? ???? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ?? ?? ?? ???. ???? ??? ???? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ??? ??? ??? ?? ?? ?? ??? ???? ????? ? ? ??? ?? ???? ????. ?? ?? ?? ???? ???? ??? ?? ???? ???? ????? ?? ??? ??? ?? ??? ???(Ross,1991).
??? ?? ??? ?? ??? ??? ??? ?????. ????? ??? ????? ??? ??? ??? ???, ? ??? ??? ??? ??? ???, ??? ??? ???? ??? ??? ??? ???? ???? ???? ????? ??? ? ??. ???? ???? ??? ??? ?????? ???? ??? ?? ? ??? ??? ? ??.
??? ??? ??? ?? ??? Irwin? Malloy(1975)? ????? ???(Family Puppet Interview,FPI)? ?????. ? ??? 4??5??? ?? ?? ???? ???? ?? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ??? ? ?? ??? ?? ????? ??? ?? ??? ???? ??. ? ??? ???? ??? ??? ??? ???? ??? ??? ??? ??? ?????? ??. ???? ??? ??? ??? ??? ???(recalcitrant), ?????, ??? ? ??? ?? ??? ????? ???? ???? ?????(Ross,1991).
Irwin? Shapiro(1975)? ????? ?? ????? ??? ???? ?????? ? ??? ??? ?? ??? ???.
1) ???? ??? ?? ?? ??? ??? ???? ???? ??? ?? ????? ????? ??.
2) ???? ???? ???? ???? ??.
3) ??? ?? ??? "??"? "?"?? ??? ??? ????.
4) ??? ???? ?? ??? ??? ??????.
???? ??, ????, ??, ???, ?? ?? ?? ????? ???, ???? ??, ???, ???? ????, ???? ?? ?? ????? ?? ????. ??? ???? Irwin? ??? ???? ????, ???? ??? ?? ??? ??? ?? ? ??? ?????.
Irwin? Malloy(1975)? FPI? ??? ??? ??? ??? ?????? ??? ?? ????? ???? ?? ???? ?????. ??? FPI? ????? ?? ??? ? ?? ?? ???? ????? ??? ????? ??? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ???. ?? FPI? ??? ??? ???? ??? ?? ?? ?? ??? ??? ??? ?? ??? ??? ? ??.
????? ??? ???? ??? ??? ????? ??? ??? ???? ? ??. ?? ????? ? ????? ??, ???? ???? ????? ????, ???? ??? ????? ??? ??? ???? ? ??.
4.????????
??? ??? ??????(Puppet Sentence Completion Test,PSCT)? ????? ??? ? ?????? ?? ??? ???. ??? ??? ?? ??, ??? ???? ????? ???? ??????? ?????(Knell,1992). PSCT? ? ?? ??? ???? ?? ??? ? ?? ??? ????. PSCT? ?? ???? ? ?? ???? ???? ??? ???? ??? ???? ???? ??? ??? ???? ??? ???. ???? ??? ??? ??? ???? ? ??? ????? ??.
PSCT? ??? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ????? ??. ??, ??? ??? ???? ??? ?? ?? ??? ???? ???. ??? ????? ?? ??? ?? ????? ??? ???? ?? ???? ?? ?? ? ? ??. ??, ??? ??? ????? ???? ??? ??? ??? ???. ?? ????? ??? ?????? ??? ?? ??? ??. ???? ??? ??? ??? ??? ?? ?? ????? ?? ?? ??? ?? ????. ??? ??? ??? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ? ? ??.
???? ??????? ?? ??? ?? ??? PSCT? ????? ? ??. ?? ??? ?? ??? ?? ??? ?? ? ? ?? ??? ????. ???? "?? ?? ???렁�" , ?? "?? ???? ??? ? ?? 렁�? ?? ????"? ?? ??? ??? ???? ??(sexually abused child)? ????? ???? ??? ??? ??? ??. "?? ??? ??? ?? ?? ???? 렁�"? ?? ??? ??? ??? ??? ???? ????. ?????? ??? ??? ???? ?? ????? ??? ? ?? ???.
? . ?? ?????? ???
???? ??? ??? ? ??? ???? ? ??? ??? ????? ??? ??? ???? ??? ????? ???? ??. ??? ??? ??? ??? ???? ?? ??? ?? ???? ??. ??? ???? ?? ???? ??? ??? ?? ???? ??? ????? ???? ? ??? ???? ??.
???? ?? ????? ???? ???? ??? ?? ???? ????. ????? ???? ??? ??? ??? ??? ? ?? ??? ??? ????. ??? ??? ?? ??? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ?? ? ??? ??? ???? ??? ??? ??.
Marion(1979)? ???? ????? ??? ?? ?? ??? ?????. ?? ??? ???? ??? ??? ?? ???? ??? ????? ?? ??? ??? ?????? ???. ??? ?? ??? ???? ?? ?? ???? ??? ?? ????, ??? ???? ?? ???? ???? ?? ??? ?? ?? ??? ?? ?? ??? ??.
???? ???? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ??? ???? ?? ???? ????? ?? ????. ??? ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ????? ???? ???? ??? ? ??(Rickert ? Bloomquist,1989).
????? ???? ?????? ??? ??? ??? ?? ???? ???? ???? ??, ???, ???(sociodrama), ?? ?? ?? ??? ??? ?????. ??? ??? ??? ??? ??????. ??? ??? ?? ??? ???? ???? ???? ???, ????? ???? ??? ???? ?? ????? ???? ??.
???? ???? ?? ?? ??? ?? ???? ??. ??? ???? ????? ???? ?? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ????, ????? ????(non-exhibitional)??, ?????? ???? ????. ???? ??? ??? ???? ? ??? ??? ???? ??, ?? ??? ???? ???? ?? ????. ??? ???? ??? ?? ?? ??? ???? ??? ??? ??? ??. ??? ???? ????? ??? ??? ??? ? ?? ??? ??? ??? ????? ???. ?? ??? ???? ??? ?? ?? ??? ??? ???? ?? ???? ?? ????? ??? ????? ???? ??? ???? ??? ? ?? ??? ??? ??? ??? ???(Drama Therapy)?? ???(Rickert ? Bloomquist,1989).
???? ??? ??? ?? ??? ??? ???? ?? ??? ???? ???? ???? ?? ????. ???? ?? ???? ??? ??? ??? ?? ?? ?? ??? ???? ??? ??. ?? ??? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ??? ?? ????? ??????.
??, ?? ??? ??? ??? ?? ?? ???? ??? ?? ??? ?? ?? ??? ??? ?? ?? ???? ??? ????. ?? ??? ???? ??? ? ?? ?? ???? ??? ???? ? ??. ??? ??? ??? ?? ???? ????? ???? ???? ??? ???? ???. ??? ???? ????? ?? ??? ??? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ???.
?.?? ? ???
? ??? ??????? ??? ???? ??? ??? ? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ??? ?? ????? ?? ???, ??? ????, ????? ???, ??? ??? ???? ?????. ? ??? ?? ?? ?? ? ???? ??? ??.
??, ???? ????? ??? ??? ???? ???? ? ? ??? ??? ??????? ????? ? ? ?? ????? ?? ????? ???? ??? ?????? ????? ??? ? ??. ?????? ????? ???? ?? ??? ??? ? ? ? ???, ???? ???? ??? ??? ???? ??? ??? ??? ????, ?? ?? ?? ?? ????? ? ? ?? ??? ???????? ???? ???? ??? ??? ????.
??, ??? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ?? ? ???? ?? ??? ??? ? ??. ??? ??? ???(make-believe)?? ?????? ???? ????? ??? ? ?? ??? ??? ????? ??????? ??? ? ??. ???? ???????? ??????, ????????, ??? ??? ??? ????? ???? ???? ??? ? ??? ?????.
??, ???? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ???? ??? ? ??. ??? ?? ??? ??, ??, ??? ???? ????? ??? ?????, ???? ???? ??? ??? ??? ????? ?? ?? ??? ??? ??? ?? ????? ???. ???? ???? ???? ??? ?? ???? ??? ???? ??? ??? ??? ???? ??? ??. ??? ?? ??? ????? ????(Catharsis)? ??? ? ??.
??, ???? ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ???? ??? ??? ? ??? ????? ??? ??? ?? ???? ????? ???? ???? ?? ??? ???? ??? ? ??? ??? ??. ??? ??? ???????? ??? ??? ??? ??, ????? ??? ??? ? ??? ?????.
??? ?? ?? ?????? ?? ?? ? ?? ???? ???? ??? ?? ? ? ??? ???? ???, ??, ??, ??, ??, ??, ????? ? ???? ??? ???? ? ? ??? ??????? ????? ??? ? ?? ??? ???? ????? ??? ??? ?? ???? ??? ??? ? ???..
? ? ? ?
???(1995).Puppet? ??? ???? ? ???? ??.????????, ?11?, 26-31.
???(1995).??????? ????? ??.??????,22(8),86-87.
???(1996).??????? ????? ?? ??? ??.???????,17(3),143-159.
???,???(1992).???? ?? ???? ????? ??? ???? ??? ??? ??.??????? ? 3?.????? ???
???(1993).???? ?? ???? ????? ???? ?? ??? ??? ??,
?????,4(2),49-63.
Anderson,L.S.,Del-Val,P.B.,Griffin,C.L.,& Mcdonald,J.(1983).Understanding handicaps: Changing student' attitude toward the disabled(ERIC Document Reproduction Service NO. ED 232 366).
Brown,T.B.(1988).Increasing social competency in preschool children using cognitive-behavioral intervention(ERIC Document Service NO. ED 300 106).
Bunting,K.P.(1985).The use and effect of puppetry and bibliotherapy in group conseling with children of divorced parents.Dissertation Abstracts International,45,3094A.
Caputo,R.A.(1993).Using puppets with students with emotional and behavioral disorders.Intervention in School and Clinic,29(1),26-30.
Cadez,M.J.(1979).Puppetry as a instructional method to prepare preschool nonhandicapped children for mainstreaming.Unpublished master's thesis.Utah state University.Logan,UT.
Fitzsimmons,R.(1967).Group therapy and speech handicapped.Education,87,343-46.
Haworth,M.R.(1968).Doll play and puppetry.In A.I.Rabin(Ed.),Projective techniques in personality assessment(pp.327-365).New York:Springer.
Irwin,E.(1983).The diagnostic & therapeutic use of pretend play.In C.Schaefer,& K.O'Conner(Eds.),Handbook of play therapy(pp. 148-173).New York:Willey.
Irwin,E.,& Malloy,E.(1975).Family puppet interviews,Family Process,14,179-191.
Irwin,E.,& Shapiro,M.(1975).Puppetry as a diagnostic and therapeutic technique.In I.Jakab(Ed.),Psychiatry and art(Vol.4).Basel,Switzerland:karger.
Jeffree,D.M.,& McCowkey,R.(1976).An observation scheme for recording children's imaginative doll play.Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry,17,189-197.
Knell,S.M.(1992).Cognitive-behavioral play therapy.Narthvale,NJ:Jason Aronson Inc..
Kundsen,W.W.(1984).Psychopuppetry,non-directive group play thrapy using puppets as the intermediary object:A comparison with traditional non-directive group counseling or no counseling in the treatment of emotionally handicapped elementally school children.Dissertation Abstracts International,48,DA 8425281.
Linn,S.(1977).Puppet and hospitalized children:Talking about feeling.Journal for the Association of the Care of Children in Hospitals,5,5-11.
Merritt,J.(1985).The effect of a program of drama therapy on the social skills behaviors of institutionnalized mentally retarded adults.Dissertation Abstracts International,45,AAC 8500276.
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